Well, the solution is to write down the commands, so that I would remember them. This is a kind of self documentation of sorts, and I first started doing this maybe a year ago. I more recently started trying to teach someone Linux, and they needed some basics written down. So I've put several of these together and here it is. Feel free to critique, copy, and edit. This is a work in progress that is made to be saved as a .sh in order to be able to see the markup.
-Cal
# Misc Linux Commands
#
# OS: Using Ubuntu 12.10 Desktop Version
# Author: Calvin R. Johnson
# Date: Last update 5-19-2013
# Credits: Numerous Internet Sources
# Basic Commands
# To update run:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
# Or run this which does both...
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
# Navigate Through Your Filesystem and Directories
# To change directories run cd
cd <'path to file'>
#example is:
cd /media/flashdrive/anime
# To change directories to home, run cd ~
cd ~
# To change directories to root, run cd /
cd /
# To change directories back one directory (towards root) run ..
$..
# To List directories run ls:
ls
syntax = ls (options)
ls -l
# To clear Terminal
clear
# To close Terminal
exit
#To copy files use cp or rsync
# To use cp (copy)
cp /media/flashdrive/anime/picture1.jpg /home/heather/pictures/picture1.jpg
# Or use rsync to copy o whole directory (folder)
#syntax is:
rsync [options] <'source'> <'destination'>
#example
rsync -avi /media/flashdrive/anime/ /home/heather/pictures/
#the above copies directory anime from flashdrive to pictures
# To install software
# Using apt-get
sudo apt-get install <'package'>
# Before installing many packages, one must add the source or ppa
# You will find the ppa listed in the instructions for installing the package
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:<package>
# Example of adding ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/gnome3
# Then update
sudo apt-get update
# Now install
sudo apt-get install <'package'>
# NOTE
#When you add a PPA, a new .list file is created under /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
# The files are named based on the PPA name and your Ubuntu version, like this: "someppa-ppa-oneiric.list".
# To edit these PPAs, run:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
# To remove a ppa
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:someppa/ppa
# PPA purge
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:someppa/ppa
# To Find a file
find file_name
# Using Wildcards to help find a file
find partial_file_name* # or
find *partial_file_name
# You can also use the wildcard to list file types
find *.mp3 # or any other file extension
#************************************************************************************************
# Linux Networking Commands
# Look up Information:
sudo ifconfig
# in windows, >ipconfig
# To Release and Renew IP Address:
sudo dhclient
# To Restart the Networking Service:
# Always Restart the Networking Service After Changing Network Configurations
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart # also (start, stop)
# Network Config file
# To Edit the Network Adapter Configurations
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
#To Edit the DNS Resolution File
sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf
#To See Current Hostname
sudo /bin/hostname
# Hostname
#To Echo Hostname
sudo /bin/hostname newhostname
#To Change Hostname
sudo /bin/hostname newhostname
# Ping -- To Determine if You Can See an IP Address
ping <IP Address>
# To Determine DNS is Working
ping <domainname>
# UFW firewall
# To Change Default Handling of Ports When UFW is Enabled:
sudo ufw default allow/deny
# To Turn UFW on or Off:
sudo ufw enable/disable
# To Open or Close Ports for Everyone:
sudo ufw allow/deny port#
# To Delete a UFW Rule:
sudo ufw delete allow/deny port#
# To Allow Access to All Ports from a Specific IP Address:
sudo ufw allow from IP Address
# To Allow Access to a Specific Port from a Specific IP Address:
sudo ufw allow from IP Address to any port port#
# SSH and FTP
# SSH -- Secure Shell
#Install SSH on Server:
sudo apt-get install ssh
# SSH Requires Port 22
# Use a Terminal Emulator to Connect to the Server (PuTTy)
# To check the UFW Firewall
sudo ufw status
#FTP -- File Transfer Protocol
# Install FTP Server
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
# Edit vsftpd Configuration Files
sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf
#Uncoment
#local_enable=YES to Allow Local Users to Login
#Uncomment
#write_enable=YES to Allow File Uploads
# To Restart vsftpd Service:
sudo service vsftpd restart
# Use an FTP Client to Connect to FTP Server (FileZilla)
#*************************************************************************************#
# Some software installation instructions for Ubuntu 12.10 customisations script
#Terminal Applications
# SSH
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
# g++ & gcc
sudo apt-get install build-essential
# gcc for objective C
sudo apt-get install gobjc
# Valgrind
sudo apt-get install valgrind
# Python
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python2.6 python2.6-dev
# Ruby
sudo apt-get install git build-essential
# Java
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
# sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-install
# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get remove oracle-java7-installer
# R
gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key E084DAB9
gpg -a --export E084DAB9 | sudo apt-key add -
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
# add this line to the bottom of sources.list
# deb http://cran.ma.imperial.ac.uk/bin/linux/ubuntu precise/
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base
#GUI Apps
# gedit
sudo apt-get install gedit
sudo apt-get check gedit
sudo apt-get install gedit-plugins
# Gmate-gedit (for Ruby on rails developers)
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-on-rails/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gedit-gmate
# SciTE
sudo apt-get install scite
sudo apt-get check scite
# Openoffice/libreoffice
sudo apt-get install libreoffice
sudo apt-get check libreoffice
# startup disk creator
sudo apt-get install usb-creator-gtk
sudo apt-get check usb-creator-gtk
# transmition bit torrent
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:transmissionbt/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install transmission-gtk
sudo apt-get check transmission-gtk
# firefox
sudo apt-get install firefox
# Chrome
# wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb #32bit version
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*
sudo apt-get -f install
# Chromium
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
# VLC
sudo apt-get install vlc
# XBMC
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-xbmc
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xbmc
# Texmacs
sudo apt-get install texmacs
# Audacious Music Player
sudo apt-get install audacious
# OpenShot Video Editor
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonoomph/openshot-edge
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot openshot-doc
# Utilities
# compizconfig-settings-manager
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
# Gparted disk editor
sudo apt-get install gparted
# PPA purge
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
#sudo ppa-purge ppa:someppa/ppa
# Ubuntu Tweak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
# Play encripted DVDs
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 && sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh
# Extra (Non-Free Codecs)
sudo apt-get install non-free-codecs libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder totem-mozilla
icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 mpg321 mpg123libjpeg-prog
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